2D: Static equilibrium

How do we predict when something will move or not?
How do we determine forces we cannot measure?
Objects remain at rest only when the net force and the net torque are zero. The converse is also true: if an object is at rest you know the net force and the net torque must be zero. This last fact is used to determine unknown forces while the first statement predicts whether an object will remain at rest or begin to move.
Part 1: A simply supported beam

Static equilibrium simulation for masses placed on a beam supported at both ends
  1. Ths interactive model allows you to place up to four masses on a beam that is supported at its ends. You can adjust the placement of the masses by entering distances for each one.
  2. [Reset] clears all the masses and distances.
  3. The [Force] or [Torque] button toggles between displaying the force or torque diagrams below the bar.
  1. What is the relationship between the upwards and downwards forces on the free-body diagram?
  2. What is the relationship between the clockwise and counterclockwise torques when measuring torques?
  3. Create an equilibrium in which a force scale under the left support will measure a force of 300 N.
In this interactive simulation, you will explore free-body force diagrams for static equilibrium.
Part 2: A lever

Static equilibrium simulation for masses on a balance (or see-saw)
  1. The interactive model allows you to place the same four masses on a lever that is free to tip one way or the other.
  2. [Reset] clears all the masses and distances.
  3. The [Force] or [Torque] button toggles between displaying the force or torque diagrams below the bar.
  1. Why is the lever harder to balance than the beam in the first part?
    Why can the lever not be balance when the fulcrum is on one end?
  2. How can the direction of tipping be predicted?
  3. Create a situation in which the net torque is +100 Nm and another in which the net torque is −100 Nm. What happens to the lever in either case? Does it tip clockwise or counterclockwise?
In this interactive simulation, you will explore static equilibrium using a simple lever found in playground equipment such as a see-saw.


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